Marta Ehrlich
Male Nude, 1933.
red chalk on paper
MG-4720
Female Nude, 1933.
red chalk on paper
MG-4721
Before photography became widely accessible, drawing was commonly employed by artists as an auxiliary tool for creating intricate paintings or sculptures. Drawing achieved its prominent status during the Renaissance and maintained this role until the rise of modern artistic movements. Every artistic discipline – be it painting, sculpture, or architecture – started with drawing. While it was often referred to colloquially as “training the hand,” its true function was to help artists master artistic principles. Besides “training the hand,” drawing was also linked to the notion that “drawing is seeing.” It was believed that a distinct connection existed between the hand and the eye, and that those who “cannot see” would also fail to draw effectively. Only what was known or prescribed by the rules was observed and depicted. Thus, prior to modernism, the process of drawing could be encapsulated as: “First I observe, then I draw.” Modernism, however, introduced a shift to: “First I think, then I draw.”
When Marta Ehrlich made her debut on the art scene between the two World Wars, both approaches to drawing were prevalent. The first approach was prominent in art schools, while the second was influential in developed artistic milieus. Her time spent in one such environment (Paris) did not alter her method of drawing the human nude; instead, it led to changes in her work in other genres, including still life, veduta, and self-portrait. These nudes, created during her studies in Zagreb in 1933, still adhere to the rules of depicting the body’s volume and mass, whether in motion or at rest. However, there may be a hint of the “female gaze” in these drawings, a particular experience, because if drawing is a form of seeing, then it is difficult to separate the artwork from the artist’s gender identity.
Text: Klaudio Štefančić, senior curator of the National Museum of Modern Art © National Museum of Modern Art, Zagreb
Translated by: Robertina Tomić
Photo: Goran Vranić © National Museum of Modern Art, Zagreb