Ivo Gattin, Black Structure with Three Scratches, 1957

Ivo Gattin
Black Structure with Three Scratches, 1957
sand, burnt resin on canvas, 93 x 73 cm
MG-3902

Ivo Gattin (1926-1978) was the first and most consistent representative of Art Informel in Croatia. Radicalism and experimentation with non-painting materials (pigment, wax, sand, resin, wire) and creative processes (coating, burning, piercing, scratching, tearing, beating, decollage) were his character traits (I. Zidić) and are the key methods of his material and physical, abstract expression. He graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts in Zagreb (1946-1951). At first, he created works in the spirit of Surrealism (a 1956 exhibition, Zagreb), from which – at the peak of Art Informel (1956-1963) – he developed formless matter with the help of controlled automatism and unpredictability. Gattin’s 1957 exhibition in Zagreb came as a shock and raised the following question: Is it actually art? Between 1963 and 1970 he lived in Milan and worked as an illustrator. He created drawings and prints by frottage (rubbing), burning and tearing. In 1967 he took a career break, and did not return to work until 1976. The key determinants of Gattin’s Art Informel are monochrome paintings and deviations from the rectangular format, which he transformed into amorphous objects that spread into space thanks to Gattin having penetrated their matter. Black Structure with Three Scratches from 1957 is a coarse black monochrome visual substrate that still respects the format, as well as the frame of the matter with three relief lines that emphasise the processuality of creation and the physical reality of the image. Semantically speaking, it is an existential reflection of anxiety in the midst of the Cold War. Gattin had solo exhibitions in Zagreb (1956, 1957, 1978), Venice (1959), Milan (1964) and Novara (1965). In 1992, Branka Stipančić curated a problem-based exhibition of Gattin’s work at the Gallery of Contemporary Art in Zagreb.

Text: Željko Marciuš, museum advisor of the National Museum of Modern Art © National Museum of Modern Art, Zagreb, 2022
Translated by: Robertina Tomić
Photo: Goran Vranić © National Museum of Modern Art, Zagreb, 2022

Slavko Šohaj, The Painter and Objects, 1957

Slavko Šohaj
(1908-2003)
The Painter and Objects, 1957
oil on canvas
85.3×99.5 cm
MG-2296

Slavko Šohaj (1908-2003) was one of Croatia’s most prominent lyrical intimist painters. He took over Paul Cézanne’s structure of composition and construction of painted objects. At the same time, he not only toned-down Henri Matisse’s intense Colourism, but also balanced it rhythmically against the peculiarities of his intimate world. Although he had an inexhaustible source of both impressionist and fauvist role models he could have followed, he developed his own measured style. He painted landscapes and vedutas. The poetics of his later oeuvre grew out of the intimate motifs and spaces of his studio (self-portraits, portraits, sensual nudes, interiors, still lifes). Under the influence of Matisse, in the 1960s his paintings started being flatter. Šohaj’s palette of colours is a harmony mostly of blues, greens and purples. With the help of its slanted composition and reverse perspective, Šohaj’s The Painter and Objects painting from 1957 is a display of toned down colours, Šohaj’s awareness of what it means to be a painter by vocation and the quiet life of objects.
Šohaj graduated from the Academy of Fine Arts in Zagreb under Prof. Ljubo Babić and Prof. Vladimir Becić in 1931. In the 1930s, he also studied in Paris. In 1934, he exhibited his work as a guest artist with The Group of Three, where he was recognised as a poetic realist. He exhibited at the Venice Biennale in 1942, and in the early 1950s at solo exhibitions in Paris. Together with painters Oton Postružnik and Frano Šimunović, he co-founded another Group of Three in 1958. His first solo exhibition at the National Museum of Modern Art was set up as late as 1968, where in 2017 the donation of his wife Heda Šohaj was also presented. He worked as an art associate at the Archaeological Museum in Zagreb (1935-1965), and became a member of the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts in 1977. He won the 1978 Vladimir Nazor Lifetime Achievement Award given yearly by Croatia’s Ministry of Culture. Šohaj was musically gifted, and played both the piano (class of Svetislav Stančić) and the violin. Music was always present in Šohaj’s meditative space, and he was particularly fond of Frédéric Chopin.

Text: Željko Marciuš, museum consultant of the National Museum of Modern Art © National Museum of Modern Art, Zagreb
Translated by: Ana Janković
Photo: Goran Vranić © National Museum of Modern Art, Zagreb

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